![]() ![]() “-h”: Displays file sizes in a human-readable format (e.g.“-a”: Displays all files and directories, including hidden ones that start with a dot (“.”).“-l”: Displays the contents of the directory in a long format, including details like permissions, ownership, and file size.Here are some commonly used options with the ls command: It shows the file or directory names, their permissions, ownership information, and the date and time they were last modified. By default, the ls command displays the file and directory names in a column format. When you run the ls command in a terminal window, it displays the files and directories in the current working directory. Ls (list) command in Ubuntu is used to list the contents of a directory. If you type uptime in the terminal, it might display something like 18:31:05 up 1 day, 6 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, which means the system has been running for 1 day and 6 minutes. This command provides information about how long the system has been running. For example, ps aux will display a detailed list of all current processes. This command provides information about the currently running processes. For example, if you type free -h, it will display the total, used, and free memory in a human-readable format. This command displays the amount of free and used memory in the system. Top – Displays the processes using the most system resources at any given time. Uname -a – Provides a wide range of basic information about the system. You can also use the “free” command to check if you need to upgrade your system’s memory. This information is useful for monitoring the system’s memory usage, especially if you are experiencing performance issues or running memory-intensive applications. The “free” command also provides a summary of the memory usage in the system, including the total amount of memory used, the total amount of memory free, and the total amount of memory available. Cached: The amount of memory used by the kernel for caching data.Īll these values are displayed in kilobytes (KB).Buffers: The amount of memory used by the kernel for buffers.Shared: The amount of memory shared between multiple processes.Free: The amount of memory currently available for new processes.Used: The amount of memory currently being used by the system.Total: The total amount of physical memory available in the system.When you run the free command in the terminal, it will output the following information: The “-c” option can be used to display the total size of all the directories and files that are being analyzed.įree – Displays the amount of free space available on the system.You can also use the “-s” option to display only the total size of a directory or file.You can use the “-h” option to display the sizes in a human-readable format, such as KB, MB, or GB.However, you can use different options to change the output format. By default, the du command displays the sizes of all directories and files in bytes. This command will remove the Gimp package but leave behind any configuration files.ĭu (directory usage) command displays the size of a directory and all of its subdirectories. Replace the with the one you copied from the dpkg list. Now run the apt-get remove command as sudo in order to remove the software: sudo apt-get remove If you don’t know the package name, use the below Ubuntu basic command to list all the packages installed on your system and then copy the package name from the list: dpkg -list You only have to know the exact package name of the software you want to uninstall. When it comes to removing the installed program ‘ apt-get remove‘ command suits your need. This command will install both the Firefox and Thunderbird packages. For example: sudo apt-get install firefox thunderbird You can also install multiple packages at once by providing their names separated by spaces. If you are not sure about the package name, you can type a few letters and press the tab, and it will suggest all the packages available with those letters. This is useful when, for example, you need to modify files in a directory that your user wouldn’t normally have access to. ![]() Sudo (SuperUser DO) Linux command allows you to run programs or other commands with administrative privileges, just like “Run as administrator” in Windows. Ubuntu Terminal Shortcuts for Beginners:īasic Ubuntu Commands for Beginners: 1. ![]()
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